Request for Proposal (RFP)
A solicitation that asks vendors to propose how they would deliver a complex requirement — evaluation considers both price and technical approach.
Definition
A Request for Proposal (RFP) is a procurement solicitation in which a government agency describes a desired outcome or requirement and asks vendors to submit proposals describing how they would meet it. Unlike an invitation to bid (IFB), price is not the only evaluation factor — agencies typically score the technical approach, past performance, management plan, and price together. RFPs are used when the agency needs vendor expertise to define how the work should be performed, or when there are multiple acceptable solutions and the agency wants to pick the best one rather than the cheapest one.
When it applies
RFPs are the most common solicitation type for professional services, IT systems, consulting engagements, and complex construction projects. Agencies issue RFPs when the requirement is well-defined but the solution is not — for example, "design and implement a case-management system" rather than "supply 500 desktop computers." Federal RFPs follow FAR Part 15 (Negotiated Procurement). State and local agencies have analogous rules in their own procurement codes.
Examples
- "RFP for IT managed services" — agency knows it needs IT support but wants vendors to propose staffing models, SLAs, and pricing structures.
- "RFP for design-build of a fire station" — agency wants competing design proposals from architect-contractor teams, evaluated on design quality and cost together.